Category:Low-scaling GW and RPA

All tags and articles concerning low scaling GW and RPA algorithms available as of VASP.6 and newer.

Theoretical Background

GW and RPA are post-DFT methods used to solve the many-body problem approximatively.

RPA stands for the random phase approximation is often used as synonym for adiabatic connection fluctuation dissipation theorem (ACFDT). RPA/ACFDT provide access to the correlation energy of a system and can be understood in term of Feynman diagrams as an infinite sum of all bubble diagrams, where excitonic effects are neglected. The RPA/ACFDT is therefore a post-DFT method and can be used as a post-processing tool to determine a more accurate groundstate energy.

The GW approximation goes hand in hand with the RPA, since the very same diagrammatic contributions are taken into account. However, in contrast to the RPA/ACFDT, the GW method provides access to the spectral properties of the system by means of determining the energies of the quasi-particles of a system using a screened exchange-like contribution to the self-energy. The GW approximation is currently one of the most accurate many-body methods to calculate band-gaps.

The computational cost of diagrammatic methods typically exceeds the cost of hybrid DFT calculations, since frequency dependent potentials have to be considered in the Hamiltonian. Conventional GW and RPA/ACFDT algorithms typically scale with the forth power of the system size and are, thus, limited to relatively small system. However, by performing all calculations on the imaginary time and imaginary frequency axis one can exploit coarse FFT grids and obtain a cubic scaling GW or RPA/ACFDT algorithm allowing to study relatively large systems.

How to