Category:DFT+U

Theoretical background

The semilocal LDA and GGA functionals often fail to describe systems with localized (strongly correlated) ${\displaystyle d}$ or ${\displaystyle f}$-electrons (this manifests itself primarily in the form of unrealistic one-electron energies and too small magnetic moments). In some cases this can be remedied by introducing on the ${\displaystyle d}$ or ${\displaystyle f}$ atom a strong intra-atomic interaction in a simplified (screened) Hartree-Fock like manner (${\displaystyle E_{\text{HF}}(\hat{n})}$), as an on-site replacement of the semilocal functional (double-counting term ${\displaystyle E_{\text{dc}}(\hat{n})}$):

${\displaystyle E_{\text{xc}}^{\text{LDA/GGA}+U}(n,\hat{n}) = E_{\text{xc}}^{\text{LDA/GGA}}(n) + E_{\text{HF}}(\hat{n}) - E_{\text{dc}}(\hat{n})}$

where ${\displaystyle \hat{n}}$ is the on-site occupancy matrix of the ${\displaystyle d}$ or ${\displaystyle f}$ electrons. This approach is known as the DFT+U method (traditionally called LSDA+U^[1] ).

How to

DFT+U can be used by specifying the tags LDAU and LDAUTYPE in the INCAR file.