LORBIT

LORBIT = 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 11 | 12
Default: LORBIT = None 

Description: LORBIT, together with an appropriate RWIGS, determines whether the PROCAR or PROOUT files are written.

---

LORBIT	RWIGS tag	files written
0	required	DOSCAR and PROCAR
1	required	DOSCAR and lm-decomposed PROCAR
2	required	DOSCAR and lm-decomposed PROCAR + phase factors
5	required	DOSCAR and PROOUT
10	ignored	DOSCAR and PROCAR
11	ignored	DOSCAR and lm-decomposed PROCAR
12	ignored	DOSCAR and lm-decomposed PROCAR + phase factors

Remark:

For LORBIT = 11 and ISYM = 2 the partial charge densities are not correctly symmetrized and can result in different charges for symmetrically equivalent partial charge densities. This issue if fixed as of version >=6. For older versions of vasp a two-step procedure is recommended:

• 1. Self-consistent calculation with symmetry switched on (ISYM=2)
• 2. Recalculation of the partial charge density with symmetry switched off (ISYM=0)

To avoid unnecessary large WAVECAR files it recommended to set LWAVE=.FALSE. in step 2

If LORBIT is set the partial charge densities can be found in the OUTCAR

total charge     

# of ion       s       p       d       tot
------------------------------------------
    1        1.514   0.000   0.000   1.514
    2        0.123   0.345   0.000   0.468

Here the first column corresponds to the ion index $\alpha$, the s, p, d,... columns correspond to the partial charges for $l=0,1,2,\cdots$ defined as

$\rho_{\alpha l}=\frac{1}{N_{\bf k}} \sum_{n{\bf k}}f_{n{\bf k}} \sum_{m=-l}^{l}|\langle Y_{lm}^{\alpha}|\phi_{n\mathbf{k}}\rangle|^2$

The $\langle Y_{lm}^{\alpha}|\phi_{n\mathbf{k}}\rangle$ are obtained from the projection of the (occupied) wavefunctions $|\phi_{n{\bf k}}\rangle$ onto spherical harmonics that are non zero within spheres of a radius RWIGS centered at ion $\alpha$ and the last column is the sum $\sum_{l}\rho_{\alpha l}$.

Note that depending on the system an "f" column can be found as well.

In case of collinear calculations (ISPIN=2) the magnetization densities are written to the OUTCAR

magnetization (x)
 
# of ion       s       p       d       tot
------------------------------------------
    1        0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000
    2        0.000   0.245   0.000   0.245

Here the magnetization density (projection axis is the z-axis) is calculated from the difference in the up and down spin channel $m^{\alpha l}_z = \rho_{\alpha l}^{\uparrow}-\rho_{\alpha l}^{\downarrow}$

In case of non-collinear calculations (LNONCOLLINEAR=.TRUE.) the lines after "total charge" correspond to the diagonal average $\frac{\rho_{\alpha l}^{\uparrow\uparrow} - \rho_{\alpha l}^{\downarrow \downarrow}}{2}$ of the density tensor

$\rho_{\alpha l} = \left(\begin{matrix} \rho_{\alpha l}^{\uparrow \uparrow } & \rho_{\alpha l}^{\uparrow \downarrow} \\ \rho_{\alpha l}^{\downarrow \uparrow} & \rho_{\alpha l}^{\downarrow \downarrow} \\ \end{matrix}\right),$

which is determined from the projected components

$\quad \rho^{\mu\nu}_{\alpha l} = \frac{1}{N_{\bf k}} \sum_{n{\bf k}}f_{n{\bf k}} \sum_{m=-l}^{l} \langle \chi_{n {\bf k}}^\mu | Y_{lm}^\alpha \rangle \langle Y_{lm}^\alpha | \chi_{n {\bf k}}^\nu \rangle$

of the spinor $|\Psi_{n{\bf k}}\rangle=\left(\begin{matrix}\chi_{n{\bf k}}^\uparrow \\\chi_{n{\bf k}}^\downarrow \end{matrix}\right)$

Similarly, the lines after "magnetization (x)" correspond to the partial magnetization density projected onto the x direction and two additional entries "magnetization (y)", "magnetization (z)" are written for the y and z direction and are calculated from the three Pauli matrices

$\sigma^x = \left(\begin{matrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \\ \end{matrix}\right), \quad \sigma^y = \left(\begin{matrix} 0 & -i \\ i & 0 \\ \end{matrix}\right), \quad \sigma^z = \left(\begin{matrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \\ \end{matrix}\right)$

via

$m_{\alpha l}^j = \frac{1}{2}\sum_{\mu,\nu=1}^2 \sigma^j_{\mu \nu} \rho_{\alpha l}^{\mu \nu}.$

Related Tags and Sections

RWIGS, PROCAR, PROOUT, DOSCAR

Examples that use this tag

---

Contents